Objective: This paper describes the results of a pilot study that evaluated the effectiveness of an Early Intervention Foster Care (EIFC) program in the period immediately following a child.s placement in a new foster home. Method: Data were collected from an EIFC group, a regular foster care group, and a community comparison group-each with 10 participants-via questionnaires for children and their caretakers and salivary cortisol sampling. Results: EIFC foster parents adopted and maintained positive parenting strategies, EIFC children’s behavioral adjustment improved, and changes occurred in several salivary cortisol measures. Moreover, RFC children exhibited decrements in functioning in several areas over the same time period. Conclusions: Results are discussed concerning how such research fits into a larger program of prevention research for high-risk preschoolers.