Since 1980, the number of children with parents in prison has increased substantially. Using prospective longitudinal data gathered in the Linking the Interests of Families and Teachers trial, the study compares adolescents who had an incarcerated parent during childhood versus those who did not, across four domains: family social advantage, parent health, parenting, and externalizing behavior and delinquency. During adolescence, past parental incarceration was associated with lower family income, parental education, parental socio-economic status, and parental health, and higher levels of parental depression, inappropriate and inconsistent discipline, youth externalizing behaviors and delinquency. The effect sizes were small to moderate.