Children in foster care are often typified by high clinical acuity and risk for longterm difficulties as a result of adversity and maltreatment. Addressing their diverse and intensive needs can be challenging for foster parents and complex for their providers. Although intervention research over the past many decades has yielded a number of evidence-based treatment approaches for foster children and their caregivers, enhancement and individualization continues to be needed. As the field advances, more attention is being paid to critical skills that increase competence and resilience as protective factors versus the more traditional focus on pathology. Particularly, self regulation and attention are becoming increasingly salient foci for scientists and practitioners seeking to improve treatment effectiveness and favorable outcomes. Mindfulness-oriented interventions pose a forum for uniquely targeting these outcomes and have the potential to (1) promote the development of self-regulation and attentional focus in foster children, (2) increase the effect of already robust therapies, (3) enhance risk prevention efforts for children whose lives are characterized by adversity, (4) address obstacles to effective and consistent implementation of therapeutic parenting strategies, and (5) increase overall well-being and quality of life for both foster children and their caregivers. In this chapter, the following topics are discussed: (1) the presenting issues among foster children and their need for effective and individualized treatments, (2) the interplay of stress and neurobiology on the development critical skills, (3) current intervention trends, and (4) applications for mindfulness-oriented therapies in research and practice.