Despite changing population demographics, little empirical research has evaluated the role of ethnicity in relation to child clinical concerns. This article summarizes conceptual and methodological issues pertaining to child clinical research that involves ethnicity. We draw primarily from cross-cultural research methodology to address two major areas: The role of ethnicity in subject selection and research design, and measurement of ethnicity and other variables. The sociopolitical ramifications of studying and describing ethnicity-related variables are also discussed.