The relation between parental discipline and family functioning is well documented. Less well understood are the factors that influence parental discipline. In this study, a multidimensional model is introduced in which known correlates of negative discipline are integrated into a single conceptual framework. These correlates, which are considered to be risk factors, include traditional gender role values, parental antisocial personality characteristics, interspousal conflict, financial strain, and child gender. Separate analyses were conducted for mothers and fathers who expressed low and high levels of gender role traditionalism. Results indicate that the model does predict negative discipline in highly traditional mothers but not in other groups.