Describes an empirically supported program for treating children in foster care and their parents. The Multidimensional Treatment Foster Care (MTFC) program has separate components for adolescents, for children between the ages of 7 and 11, and for preschool children. The youths are treated in a family setting, not in a residential setting. Based primarily on social learning theory, the foster parents are key in executing the program and are viewed as integral members of the treatment team, which also includes an individual therapist for the adolescent, skills coaches, a recruiter, a consultant for foster parents (for the preschool component only), and a team leader. The preschool component also includes a therapeutic playgroup designed to increase school readiness.