Investigated relationships among child antisocial behavior, child coercive exchanges with parents and peers, and social adaptation among 181 boys and 193 girls in Grades 1 and 5. Ss were assessed through observations, parent and teacher ratings, and peer sociometric ratings. A theory-based model of the joint contribution of parents and peers to antisocial behaviors was tested, and the adequacy of the model was determined for boys and girls simultaneously. This model described both boys and girls adequately, although minor gender-specific variations in effect size produced a better fit. Antisocial behavior was associated with school maladaptation primarily among boys and could be measured by academic engagement in the classroom and peer nominations of social preference. However, antisocial behavior and coercive interactions were correlated with peer antisocial behavior in both boys and girls.