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2009 Archive of News Releases
Oregon Social Learning Center Awarded Grant to Study Child and Family Outcomes Related to the Relief Nursery
Posted November 1, 2009
Contact: Diana Strand, 541-485-2711
EUGENE, OR – Dr. J. Mark Eddy, a Senior Scientist at the Oregon Social Learning Center, was awarded a grant from the Federal Office of Child Abuse and Neglect of the Children’s Bureau to conduct a randomized controlled trial of child and family outcomes related to the Relief Nursery program in Eugene. Randomized controlled trials are widely considered the "gold standard" study in terms of determining outcomes related to an intervention program.
The grant is one of four given around the U.S. and is part of a new portfolio of projects entitled “Rigorous Evaluations of Existing Child Abuse Prevention Programs”. The study is designed to last five years, and funding is awarded on a year by year basis. The award for the first year is approximately $200,000.
The Relief Nursery program is an integrated array of individually responsive prevention services designed for families at high risk for child abuse and neglect. The program, which was established in Eugene in 1976, includes therapeutic early childhood education, home visits, parent education classes and support groups, respite care, case management, and assistance to families in accessing basic resources and other community services. Since that time, due to significant investment from both private and public funding sources, relief nurseries now serve children and families in ten locations throughout the state, including Cottage Grove, Roseburg, Albany, Bend, and Salem.
Founded in 1912, the Children’s Bureau, a part of the Administration for Children and Families in the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, is the oldest Federal agency for children. The Children's Bureau works with State, Tribal, and local agencies to develop programs that focus on preventing the abuse of children in troubled families, protecting children from abuse, and finding permanent placements for those who cannot safely return to their homes.
Oregon Social Learning Center is an independent non-profit research organization. The organization was founded in 1977 and currently employs 200 employees, with an approximate annual budget of $10 million.
For more information about the Children’s Bureau,
visit: http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb/
For more information about the Oregon Social Learning Center, visit: www.oslc.org
For more information about the Relief Nursery, visit: www.reliefnursery.org
Friends of the Children Founder Honored with Purpose Prize
Posted October 26, 2009
Contact: Friends of the Children, (503) 281-6633
PORTLAND, OR - Duncan Campbell, founder of Friends of the Children, was awarded a 2009 Purpose Prize today, which honors social entrepreneurs over 60 who are using their experience and passion to take on society's biggest challenges. The Purpose Prize recognizes 10 individuals a year, whose encore careers have focused on solving seemingly intractable problems facing our communities. There were over 1,000 nominations for this year's Purpose Prize awards. Campbell won a $50,000 award.
"My own experience as a child with parents struggling with alcohol abuse, a father in and out of prison and living in a very distressed community, fueled my lifelong commitment to improving the lives of other neglected children," explained Campbell. "I have the opportunity --- and, I believe, the responsibility --- to inspire others to make use of their own resources, whether time, talent or treasure, to help make real changes that will affect people's lives in a positive, meaningful way."
After a thorough review of the science about what makes young people with daunting challenges succeed, Campbell launched Friends of the Children in Portland, Oregon in 1992. Research confirmed what Campbell already suspected---children develop resilience when they have a consistent caring adult in their lives. For some children who grow up like Duncan Campbell, that person is found outside their families.
Friends of the Children takes children who are beginning to tumble through a cycle of poorly performing schools, decaying neighborhoods and complicated families and guides them to another track by pairing them with a caring, committed adult mentor, called a "Friend." The Friend spends four hours a week with that child, every week, starting in kindergarten or first grade through high school graduation. Each Friend is a salaried, full-time professional whose job it is to be the child's advocate, support their academic progress, and cultivate their gifts and talents.
"We need to move beyond short term fixes and realize that a long-term commitment to our most vulnerable children generates a significant future return on our investment," remarked Campbell. "In today's troubled economic climate, we give our children something that does not decrease in value: unconditional love."
For the past three years, with funding from the National Institute on Child Health and Development, the Oregon Social Learning Center (OSLC) has been conducting a randomized controlled trial of the Friends of the Children program. Dr. J. Mark Eddy is the principal investigator on the study, which is taking place in four U.S. cities: Boston, New York City, Portland (OR), and Seattle.
Oregon Social Learning Center is an independent non-profit research organization located in Eugene, Oregon. The organization began in 1977 and currently employs 200 employees, with an approximate annual budget of $10 million.
For more information on the Purpose Prize, visit: www.encore.org
For a video of Duncan Campbell, visit: http://www.encore.org/cfm/prize_nomination/videoclip.cfm?candidateID=5040
For more information on Friends of the Children, visit: www.friendsofthechildren.org
For more information OSLC, visit: www.oslc.org
Researcher at Oregon Social Learning Center Receives nearly $1 million grant from the National Institute of Drug Abuse
Posted October 20, 2009
Contact: Alan Feingold, 541-485-2711
Eugene, Oregon - As part of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, Alan Feingold, a research scientist at the Oregon Social Learning Center who has a Ph.D. in psychology from Yale University, was awarded a prestigious Challenge Grant totaling just under $1 million from the National Institute of Drug Abuse (NIDA) to examine the associations between women’s substance use and their violence towards their romantic partners and implications of these relationships for treatment and research. This study will extend the work that has already been published regarding men’s substance use and domestic violence. This two-year grant will support the collection and analysis of additional data from participants in the Oregon Youth Study Couples’ project, which recruited boys from Eugene-Springfield 4th grade classrooms in 1985 who have participated in assessments with their romantic partners since 1991.
The proposed work will employ both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses to examine the effects of substance use and dependence on perpetration of intimate partner violence (IPV). Diagnostic data and substance use problems will be assessed for the romantic partners of the OYS men that had previously been obtained only for the men in the study. Nicotine, alcohol, cannabis, amphetamines, hallucinogens, cocaine, opiates and sedatives will each be studied to determine levels of dependence and use. Over the course of the study, the association between substance use and IPV will be examined for each substance separately, as will any potential increased risk associated with dependence on multiple substances. The severity of substance dependence and its impact on IPV will also be studied. Furthermore, changes in substance use over time will be analyzed to see how they relate to changes in IPV. Findings from the project will eventually be used to inform and develop more effective treatment programs and interventions to mitigate the effects of IPV and substance use.
The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), a division of the National Institutes of Health, is located in Baltimore, MD, and was officially formed in 1974. NIDA’s mission is “to lead the Nation in bringing the power of science to bear on drug abuse and addiction. In this regard, NIDA addresses the most fundamental and essential questions about drug abuse—from detecting and responding to emerging drug abuse trends and understanding how drugs work in the brain and body to developing and testing new approaches to treatment and prevention. NIDA also supports research training, career development, public education, and research dissemination efforts.”
The Oregon Social Learning Center is an independent non-profit research organization located in Eugene, Oregon. The organization began in 1977 and currently employs 200 employees, with an approximate annual budget of $10 million.
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Awards Research Grant to
Oregon Social Learning Center
Posted October 20, 2009
Contact: Sally Schwader, 541-485-2711
EUGENE, Oregon (October 20, 2009) -- The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) has awarded a 5 year, $3.4 million grant to Oregon Social Learning Center Senior Scientist Deborah Capaldi, Ph.D. The new grant will work on uncovering individual and contextual factors that influence the development of alcohol dependence and abuse through mid-adulthood in the men from the Oregon Youth Study, which began following over 200 boys from fourth grade classes in Eugene-Springfield area schools in 1984. Though funding for the initial study ran out in 2007, this new award will allow two more opportunities for data collection, and will provide detailed information about the lives of these men in their mid-thirties. Dr. Capaldi said “by the thirties, many men have settled down and are drinking less alcohol than in their 20s, but some continue to have problems, and we will be examining why some men improve while others persist or even worsen.”
The new grant, entitled ‘Understanding Alcohol Use Over Time in Early Mid-Adulthood for At-Risk Men,’ will explore family history, previous patterns of alcohol use, peer and romantic partner influences, and treatment seeking as they relate to alcohol use and the development of alcohol use disorders. It will also explore how alcohol use relates to the use and abuse of other substances, including nicotine and marijuana. Appointments will range from 2-3 hours, and information will be gathered from questionnaires, confidants, staff and official motor vehicle and arrest records.
Established in 1970, the NIAAA is a part of the National Institutes on Health, and it’s mission is to provide leadership in the national effort to reduce alcohol related problems by conducting and supporting research in a wide range of scientific areas, coordinating and collaborating with other institutes and programs on alcohol related issues, and translating and disseminating research findings to health care providers, researchers, policymakers and the public.
The Oregon Social Learning Center is an independent non-profit research organization located in Eugene, Oregon. The organization began in 1977 and currently employs 200 employees, with an approximate annual budget of $10 million.
Multidimensional Treatment Foster Care Identified As Meeting "Top Tier" Evidence of Effectiveness: Latest Results of Coalition Initiative Based on Congress' Top Tier Standard
Posted October 1, 2009
Contact: Janet Chappell, 541-485-2711
WASHINGTON, DC -- The Coalition for Evidence-Based Policy has determined that Multidimensional Treatment Foster Care (MTFC), a multimodal behavioral intervention program developed at the Oregon Social Learning Center by Dr. Patti Chamberlain and colleagues, meets the “top tier” standard for evidence of effectiveness with delinquent youth. Several recent Congressional actions seek to focus funds in certain federal social programs on models and strategies meeting the top tier of evidence of effectiveness. These programs "have been shown, in well-designed randomized controlled trials, to produce sizeable, sustained effects on important . . . outcomes" [Public Laws 110-161 and 111-8]. To assist lawmakers, the nonprofit, nonpartisan Coalition has recently launched an initiative to identify models and strategies ("interventions") meeting this evidence standard. Congress has officially asked the Government Accountability Office (GAO) to monitor and assess the effort.
Oregon Social Learning Center receives $3 Million to Study Romantic Relationships
Posted October 1, 2009
Contact: Sally Schwader, 541-485-2711
Eugene, OR - Deborah M. Capaldi, PhD, a Senior Scientist at the Oregon Social Learning Center, has been awarded a $3 million grant entitled “Risk for Dysfunctional Relationships for Adults” from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD). Romantic relationship conflict is a major cause of unhappiness and stress in adulthood, as well as national problems of domestic violence, divorce, and poor health. The 5-year study will examine the associations of relationship functioning to these outcomes over time. The prior years of the Couples study followed close to 200 young men in the Oregon Youth Study, (who have been studied since 4th Grade) and their romantic partners from the senior year of high school through ages 31-32 years, and made ground-breaking observations on the emergence of aggression in young couples. The new study will extend the study of romantic relationships until the men are well into their mid-thirties, with a new focus on stress and health.
In addition to more traditional measures, the study will continue observations of the couples’ conflicts, and biological measures of stress (both during conflict discussions and daily patterns) will be assessed from saliva, with immune function assessed from blood samples. Questionnaires and interviews will also gather information about diet, exercise, sleep patterns, physical impairment, and other measures of health. In concert with measures of relationship quality, support, and interpersonal aggression, both the positive and negative impacts of romantic relationships on health outcomes will be explored. The study is the first of its kind to follow couples over such a prolonged period and to include such comprehensive measures of functioning, stress, and health. Dr. Capaldi said that “In recent years we are coming to understand that our daily behavior and health are the result of an orchestrated development over time of our inborn capacities, daily experiences, and biological and psychological responses. The themes and variations continue throughout adulthood, and are intimately related to our daily social interactions with loved ones. We believe that increasing understanding of couples’ relationships in these areas will have tremendous benefits for couples and for their children.”
The National Institute of Child Health and Human Development was founded in 1963, and is a division of NIH (National Institutes of Health). Its mission “…is to ensure that every person is born healthy and wanted, that women suffer no harmful effects from the reproductive process, that all children have the chance to fulfill their potential to live healthy and productive lives free from disease or disability, and to ensure the health, productivity, independence, and well-being of all people through optimal rehabilitation.”
Oregon Social Learning Center is an independent non-profit research organization located in Eugene, Oregon. The organization began in 1977 and currently employs 200 employees, with an approximate annual budget of $10 million
Local Researcher Awarded Federal Grant Focused on Reducing Substance Use and Preventing HIV for Youth in the Juvenile Justice System
Posted September 21, 2009
Contact: Dana Smith, 541-485-2711
Eugene, OR - Dana K. Smith, Ph.D., a research scientist at the Oregon Social Learning Center, has been awarded a grant entitled “Preventing Drug Abuse & HIV/AIDS in Delinquent Youths: An Integrated Intervention” from the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA).
The two-year award, totaling just over $1 million, will examine the impact of a new intervention program designed to reduce drug use and prevent HIV infection amongst boys involved in the Lane County juvenile justice system.
Past research has linked HIV risk behaviors, drug use, and delinquency for those in the juvenile justice system. Risk factors for the co-occurrence of these problems include poor parenting, family criminality, mental illness, association with delinquent peers, and child abuse.
Youth involved in the juvenile justice system who are using drugs and engaging in high risk sexual behaviors are at increased risk for a host of other problems, including AIDS, physical and mental health problems, incarceration and early death.
In the study, 80 boys between the ages of 14 and 18 who have had at least one criminal referral and documented drug use will be randomly assigned to either receive the intervention being examined or to receive services as usual.
The intervention will consist of social, communication and skill building for the youths and support and training for their parents. The youth and parent programs will run simultaneously for 6 months. Follow-up assessments a year after the beginning of the program will be used to test for significant differences in the two groups.
NIDA is a division of the National Institutes of Health of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. NIDA’s mission is to “lead the Nation in bringing the power of science to bear on drug abuse and addiction." NIDA funds basic and intervention research, and supports research training, career development, public education, and research dissemination efforts.
Area Researcher inducted as American Psychological Association Fellow
Posted August 11, 2009
Contact: Sally Schwader, 541-485-2711
Eugene, OR - Deborah M. Capaldi, Ph.D., a Senior Scientist with the Oregon Social Learning Center, has been awarded a fellowship in the American Psychological Association’s (APA) Society for Family Psychology. The Council of Representatives confirmed her nomination to the position on August 5th at APA’s 2009 convention in Toronto, Canada.
The Society for Family Psychology website states that “Fellowship is an honor bestowed upon members who have made ‘unusual and outstanding contributions or performance in the field of psychology.’ Their contributions are viewed as having enriched or advanced Family Psychology well beyond the level that normally would be expected of a professional psychologist. Fellows are selected by peers on the basis of evidence of sustained superior performance that is recognizable at a national level.”
Dr. Capaldi has worked at Oregon Social Learning Center since 1983, and has been a Principal Investigator on several locally based longitudinal studies funded by the National Institutes of Health, including Life Course Antisocial Behavior in Males, Risk for Dysfunctional Relationships, and Intergenerational Transmission of Risk. She serves on the editorial boards of the Journal of Family Psychology, the Journal of Adolescence, Journal of Marriage and Family, Child Development, and Partner Abuse. In addition, she has served on numerous grant review committees and is an author of 80 journal articles and book chapters. In 1998, she was awarded the Boyd McCandless award for scientific achievement in early career from the APA.
The Society for Family Psychology is Division 43 of the American Psychological Association, and the Society’s mission is “to expand both the study and practice of Family Psychology through education, research and clinical practice.” Division 43 publishes the Journal of Family Psychology, one of the fastest growing APA scientific journals. The American Psychological Association (APA) is located in Washington D.C., and is the largest professional organization representing psychology in the United State. It has more than 150,000 researchers, educators, clinicians, consultants and students as members, and works to progress psychology as a science and profession to support and advance health, education and human welfare.
Scientist Honored by Peers
Posted July 7, 2009
Contact: Janet Chappell, 541-485-2711
Washington, DC – Dr. Marion Forgatch, an Emeritus Scientist at the Oregon Social Learning Center, has been elected by the Board of Directors of the Association for Psychological Science (APS) to be a APS Fellow. Fellow status is awarded to APS Members who have made sustained outstanding contributions to the science of psychology in the areas of research, teaching, service, and/or application. APS is a nonprofit organization dedicated to the advancement of scientific psychology and its representation at the national and international level. APS has approximately 20,000 members and includes the leading psychological scientists and academics, clinicians, researchers, teachers, and administrators in the United States.
Researcher Earns Awards
Posted June 5, 2009
Contact :Diana Strand, 541-485-2711
PORTLAND, OR - Dr. Jean Kjellstrand, Research Associate on the Linking the Interests of Families and Teachers (LIFT) study at the Oregon Social Learning Center, received two awards from Portland State University (PSU) this week, the Commendation Award for the top graduating graduate student within the School of Social Work, and a PSU Award of Excellence for the top graduating graduate student within the university at large. Dr. Kjellstrand was a Fulbright Scholar last year, and studied child welfare issues in Sweden. Dr. Kjellstrand's dissertation work, which she completed this spring, utilized longitudinal data from the LIFT study to examine the relationship between parental incarceration, social advantage, parental health, effective parenting, and child antisocial behavior
Intervention Shows Reduction in Delinquent Teens’ Pregnancy Rates
Posted June 1, 2009
Contact: Angela Yeager
News & Communication Services
Oregon State University
(541) 737-0784
CORVALLIS, OR. – A program aimed at reducing criminal behavior in juvenile justice teens has yielded a surprising side benefit – it also reduces the teens' rate of pregnancy, according to a new study out this week.
David Kerr, an Oregon State University psychologist, and Leslie Leve and Patricia Chamberlain of the Eugene-based Oregon Social Learning Center, conducted the research, which is being published in the June edition of the Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. Their work was funded in part by grants from the National Institute on Drug Abuse and the National Institute of Mental Health at the National Institutes of Health (NIH).
The study was conducted with 166 teen girls ages 13-17 with histories of criminal behavior who had been court-mandated to receive out-of-home treatment. The girls were randomly assigned to either receive the Multidimensional Treatment Foster Care (MTFC) program, which involved one-on-one care in the homes of highly trained foster parents, or the services they would have received had they not participated in the study, which was usually treatment in a group care facility.
The results were dramatic, according to lead author Kerr. About 26 percent of the girls assigned to receive the specialized Treatment Foster Care program became pregnant, compared to almost 47 percent of teens in group care.
“These girls are extremely compromised,” said Kerr, who is an assistant professor in OSU’s Department of Psychology. “They are not doing well. They have had a hard time in different areas, including criminal behavior, drugs and risky sexual activity. Many of them had already been pregnant before the time of the intervention.”
Kerr said while teen pregnancy rates have fallen in recent years, the United States still has one of the highest rates compared to other industrialized nations. And that rate is even higher among females in the foster care system. One survey of child welfare systems in three states found that nearly half of girls in the foster system reported a pregnancy by age 19.
The specialized foster care program places the teen in a highly supervised foster parent setting. The state-certified foster parent or parents have been given additional training on how to work with high-risk youth, and were provided with ongoing consultation, support and crisis intervention services from program supervisors.
“One of the most interesting aspects of this research is that the MTFC program was created to reduce crime, not pregnancy,” Kerr said. “It specifically targeted changing the girl’s environment: her home, her peers and her school experience. The focus was on giving her lots of supervision, support for responsible behavior, and consistent, non-harsh consequences for negative behavior.
“And this worked to reduce pregnancy rates,” he added.
According to Kerr, each girl and her caregiver were interviewed one and two years into the study. The greatest reductions in teen pregnancy – as well as reductions in criminal activity and arrests, and increases in school engagement – were found in the group that was assigned to receive the specialized Treatment Foster Care services.
There are 51 of these specialized foster care programs in the United States and Canada, 41 in Europe and one in New Zealand. New program sites are being trained and certified each year by Eugene-based TFC Consultants, Inc.
The standard group care approach to treating a juvenile justice case costs $7,000 less than using the specialized Treatment Foster Care in the short-term. However, Kerr said that an independent analysis of teen boys showed that the dramatic reductions in criminal activity among teens in the specialized program costs taxpayers and crime victims $78,000 less per teen in the long term.
“The figures aren’t available for girls yet, but delaying unintended pregnancies should add to that savings,” Kerr said. “But aside from the economics, the real plus is helping a high-risk teen grow up some more before she takes on that important job of motherhood. That’s good for everyone.”
About the OSU College of Liberal Arts: The College of Liberal Arts includes the fine and performing arts, humanities and social sciences, making it one of the largest and most diverse colleges at OSU. The college's research and instructional faculty members contribute to the education of all university students and provide national and international leadership, creativity and scholarship in their academic disciplines.
Local Researchers Organize Competition for Early Career Prevention Scientists
Posted May 29, 2009
Contact: Diana Strand, Phone 541-485-2711
WASHINGTON, D.C. – For the fourth year, OSLC Research Scientists Dr.’s J. Mark Eddy and Charles Martinez, Jr. chaired the Sloboda and Bukoski Society for Prevention Research (SPR) Cup Competition, held at the annual meeting yesterday. Teams of early career prevention scientists competed for the honor of winning the traveling cup, named for two of the founders of SPR, Dr. Zili Sloboda and Dr. Bill Bukoski. Teams applied this winter, and four teams were accepted to compete: the Standard Deviants, from the Southern California Academic Center of Excellence on Youth Violence Prevention, University of California, Riverside; Penn State Pride, from the Prevention Research Center, College of Health and Human Development, Pennsylvania State University; the Blue Devils, from the Prevention Research Center at Arizona State University and the Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health; and Panthers Preventing Risky Residuals, from the Department of Psychology at Georgia State University. Two months before the meeting, teams were given a data set, the U.S. Department of Education Longitudinal Study of 2002, which follows a national sample of young people from their sophomore high school year onward, and examines outcomes for youth, such as academic achievement and school dropout, as well as possible predictors of those outcomes. The task for each team was to choose variables of interest, conduct a literature review, develop hypotheses, conduct analyses, and create a 10-minute presentation. After each presentation, a panel of four judges and audience members rated the quality of the work of the team and their presentation style. The judges were Dr. Felipe Gonzalez Castro from the Department of Psychology, Arizona State University; Dr. Rick Heyman from the Family Translational Research Group, Department of Psychology, State University of New York, Stony Brook; Dr. Pat Tolan from the Institute of Juvenile Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago; and Dr. Lisa Ulmer from the Department of Community Health and Prevention, Drexel University School of Public Health. The team with the highest combined judge and audience rating was Penn State Pride. Team members Beau Abar, Caitlin Abar, Melissa Lippold, Liz Manning, and CJ Powers accepted the Cup on behalf of their team. Next year, a representative of the winning team will return to the SPR Annual Meeting in Denver, CO to pass the Cup on to the 2010 winning team.
Local Psychologist Receives APA Presidential Citation for 50 years of Contributions to Psychology
Posted February 13, 2009
Contact: Janet Chappell (541) 485-2711 or on-line at www.oslc.org.
Eugene, OR - (February 13, 2009) The American Psychology Association (APA) awarded local, preeminent researcher Dr. Gerald R. Patterson its highest honor, a Presidential Citation, to acknowledge his lifetime of contributions to the field of psychology, to commend his work as a mentor and collaborator, and to celebrate his example of how to lead a balanced life.
Past 2008 APA President Alan Kazdin, PhD, outlines the following in the citation:
Gerald R. Patterson’s contributions to psychology include widely-cited coercion theory, early leadership in the behavior therapy movement, ground-breaking and paradigmatic research on aggression and antisocial behavior, and the development and empirical testing of parent management training. More recently, he has written cogently about the origins of war. Dr. Patterson’s research has been characterized by methodological rigor, including careful observation of behavior, multi-method measurement, and the application of advanced statistical methods, and by his unremitting curiosity and openness to “what the data say.” He has served as a mentor and generous collaborator for a great number of well-known researchers, prevention scientists and clinicians, extending his passion for science and for helping families and youth well beyond his own work. In addition to these accomplishments, he has many avocations and has a zest for life that provides a model of the balance between professional accomplishments and personal well-being.
“Jerry” Patterson is the co-founder and a Scientist Emeritus at the Oregon Social Learning Center in Eugene where he has led research projects for 30 years. He has authored or co-authored several books: Families, Living with Children, Coercive Family Process, Families with Aggressive Children, Parents and Adolescents, Antisocial Boys, and Antisocial Behavior.
Presidential Citation recipients are selected each year by the APA president and generally awarded the citation in recognition of contributions to the science and practice of psychology, efforts to improve and expand mental health services, and efforts to promote human welfare.
The American Psychological Association (APA), located in Washington, D.C., is the largest scientific and professional organization representing psychology in the United States. Its membership includes more than 150,000 researchers, educators, clinicians, consultants, and students. APA works to advance psychology as a science and profession and as a means of promoting health, education, and human welfare.
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